kokoda澳洲开发商

⑴ 二战中的日本和澳洲的战役kokoda的过程中用过什么武器

科科达小径战役（Kokoda Track campaign）是第二次世界大战太平洋战争的一场常被外人忽略的重要战役。于1942年7月21日至11月16日，在澳大利亚属地巴布亚新几内亚的科科达小径（Kokoda Track）沿线，由日军发起，与澳军进行了一系列战役。

日军由第55师团的歩兵第144高知联队与第55山炮联队第1大队组成南海支队，加强配属歩兵第41福山联队、独立工兵第15联队、独立高射炮第47大队、高砂义勇队（由台湾原住民组成）等，由堀井富太郎少将支队长领军，1942年7月21日日军歩兵第41福山联队两个大队于新几内亚岛东北部登陆，意图夺取科科达，强行通过科科达小径，攻取莫尔兹比港。

这小径仅能以步行通过；沿途经过数处世上最困难崎岖地形，包括标高2250米的贝拉米峰、昼间湿热、夜间冷风、季节性暴雨与疟疾等传染性热带疾病肆虐。补给非常困难，也严格限制了参战部队的数量及作战方式。

基于步兵战斗为主的作战方式，在这次战斗中出场的兵器主要属于陆军和空军、注意陆军无法使用坦克、大型远射火炮等重型装备：

日本步兵：明治三十八年式步枪，97式狙击枪、九六式轻机枪、大正十年掷弹筒、明治41年式75mm山炮、92式70mm口径步兵炮;

澳军步兵：英联邦标准李恩菲尔德短弹匣步枪MKⅢ型及其狙击枪等变形、美制汤姆森M1928A1冲锋枪，澳大利亚自制9毫米欧文式冲锋枪，英联邦标准布伦机枪，由于澳大利亚当时并非是一个工业国，所以澳军炮兵武器多为英国制造，如肯定会有英制25磅榴弹炮，可能会有英制18磅榴弹炮、英制4.5寸榴弹炮、英制5.5寸野炮等

盟国空军：美制P-39及P-40战斗机、B-17、B-25及B-26轰炸机；

日本空军：零战、97舰攻、99式舰爆、九六式陆攻、一式陆上攻击机等

⑵ 一战时 二战时 澳大利亚干什么去了

都参战了。一战时候的加里波利战役主要就是澳新军团参战的。二战时北非战场就是澳洲军团顶住隆美尔进攻，守住托布鲁克，为日后反攻赢得时间。在太平洋战场，澳洲皇家海军与美军一起痛击日本帝国海军。在莫尔兹比港的Kokoda战役中，驻守此地的澳军主要由国民军组成，经验少装备差。初遇强敌，显得有些慌乱，只能且战且退，利用林木的掩护与日寇周旋。在此后将近三个多月的时间里，各路澳军顽强地与日寇在巴布亚的丛林中厮杀，以惨重的代价（如国民军维多利亚39营，全营平均年龄仅为18岁6个月，几乎全部战死）保证了Kokoda小路不失于敌手，拯救了莫尔兹比港。值得一提的是，在此期间澳洲军方高层对澳军在这里的艰苦条件所知甚少，并拒绝给予空投补给。不莱梅将军甚至很不公正地解除了多名指挥官的职务。在Kokoda小路遇阻使日寇不得不再派一路人马（约2800名陆战队和若干轻型坦克）于8月25日在距莫尔兹比港三百多公里的米尔恩湾（Milen Bay）登陆，以图另辟蹊径。然而由于情报失误，在此地受到痛击。驻守此地的有澳洲国民军一个旅，有从中东回来的AIF第七师一个旅和美军第43工兵团1300余人。战斗从当日晚开始至9月7日结束；期间澳空军有效地压制了日寇来自海上的炮火支援，大大减少了地面部队的压力。澳军在此役中死167人，伤206人，美军死14人。日寇死伤近1500余人，损失全部坦克，仅有1320人原路逃回。

⑶ 我要一些介绍澳大利亚的资料，越简洁越好，要英文

The Commonwealth of Australia is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the mainland of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and a number of other islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.N4 The neighbouring countries are Indonesia, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea to the north, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east.

The Australian mainland has been inhabited for more than 42,000 years by Indigenous Australians.[2] After sporadic visits by fishermen from the north and then European discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606,[3] the eastern half of Australia was later claimed by the British in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation as part of the colony of New South Wales, commencing on 26 January 1788. As the population grew and new areas were explored, another five largely self-governing Crown Colonies were established ring the 19th century.

On 1 January 1901, the six colonies became a federation, and the Commonwealth of Australia was formed. Since federation, Australia has maintained a stable liberal democratic political system and remains a Commonwealth realm. The capital city is Canberra, located in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The population is just over 21 million, with approximately 60% of the population concentrated in and around the mainland state capitals of Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, and Adelaide.

The name "Australia" is derived from the LatinAustralis, meaning "Southern". Legends of an "unknown land of the south" (terra australis incognita) date back to Roman times and were commonplace in medieval geography, but were not based on any actual knowledge of the continent. The first use of the word "Australia" in English was in 1625—the words "A note of Australia del Espiritu Santo, written by Master Hakluyt", published by Samuel Purchas in Hakluytus Posthumus.[4] The Dutch adjectival form Australische was used by Dutch officials in Batavia to refer to the newly discovered land to the south in 1638. "Australia" was used in a 1693 translation of Les Aventures de Jacques Sadeur dans la Dé et le Voyage de la Terre Australe, a 1692 French novel by Gabriel de Foigny under the pen name Jacques Sadeur.[5]Alexander Dalrymple then used it in An Historical Collection of Voyages and Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean (1771), to refer to the entire South Pacific region. In 1793, George Shaw and Sir James Smith published Zoology and Botany of New Holland, in which they wrote of "the vast island, or rather continent, of Australia, Australasia or New Holland."

The name "Australia" was popularised by the 1814 work A Voyage to Terra Australis by the navigator Matthew Flinders, the first recorded person to circumnavigate Australia. Though its title reflected the British Admiralty's usage, Flinders used the word "Australia" in his book, and as it was widely read it gave the term general currency. Governor Lachlan Macquarie of New South Wales subsequently used the word in his dispatches to England, and on 12 December 1817 recommended to the Colonial Office that it be officially adopted.[6] In 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as "Australia".

The word "Australia" in Australian English is pronounced/əˈstɹæɪljə, -liːə, -jə/.

History
Main article: History of Australia
The first human habitation of Australia is estimated to have occurred between 42,000 and 48,000 years ago.[7] These first Australians were possibly the ancestors of the current Indigenous Australians; they may have arrived via land bridges and short sea-crossings from present-day South-East Asia. Most of these people were hunter-gatherers, with a complex oral culture and spiritual values based on reverence for the land and a belief in the Dreamtime. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, inhabited the Torres Strait Islands and parts of far-north Queensland; their cultural practices were and remain distinct from those of the Aborigines.
The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland was made by the Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon, who sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in 1606. During the 17th century, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines of what they called New Holland, but made no attempt at settlement. In 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast of Australia, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The expedition's discoveries provided impetus for the establishment of a penal colony there.

The British Crown Colony of New South Wales started with the establishment of a settlement at Port Jackson by Captain Arthur Phillip on 26 January 1788. This date was later to become Australia's national day, Australia Day. Van Diemen's Land, now known as Tasmania, was settled in 1803 and became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the western part of Australia in 1829. Separate colonies were created from parts of New South Wales: South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, and Queensland in 1859. The Northern Territory (NT) was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia. South Australia was founded as a "free province"—that is, it was never a penal colony. Victoria and Western Australia were also founded "free", but later accepted transported convicts.[8][9] The transportation of convicts to the colony of New South Wales ceased in 1848 after a campaign by the settlers.[10]

Port Arthur, Tasmania was Australia's largest gaol for transported convicts.The Indigenous Australian population, estimated at 350,000 at the time of European settlement,[11] declined steeply for 150 years following settlement, mainly because of infectious disease combined with forced re-settlement and cultural disintegration.[12] The removal of children from their families, which some historians and Indigenous Australians have argued could be considered to constitute genocide by some definitions,[13] may have contributed to the decline in the indigenous population. Such interpretations of Aboriginal history are disputed by some commentators as being exaggerated or fabricated for political or ideological reasons.[14] This debate is known within Australia as the History Wars. Following the 1967 referenm, the Federal government gained the power to implement policies and make laws with respect to Aborigines. Traditional ownership of land—native title—was not recognised until 1992, when the High Court case Mabo v Queensland (No 2) overturned the notion of Australia as terra nullius ("empty land") at the time of European occupation.
A gold rush began in Australia in the early 1850s, and the Eureka Stockade rebellion against mining licence fees in 1854 was an early expression of civil disobedience. Between 1855 and 1890, the six colonies indivially gained responsible government, managing most of their own affairs while remaining part of the British Empire. The Colonial Office in London retained control of some matters, notably foreign affairs, defence, and international shipping. On 1 January 1901, federation of the colonies was achieved after a decade of planning, consultation, and voting, and the Commonwealth of Australia was born as a Dominion of the British Empire. The Federal Capital Territory (later renamed the Australian Capital Territory) was formed from a part of New South Wales in 1911 to provide a location for the proposed new federal capital of Canberra (Melbourne was the temporary seat of government from 1901 to 1927 while Canberra was being constructed). The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the Commonwealth in 1911. Australia willingly participated in World War I.[15] Many Australians regard the defeat of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZACs) at Gallipoli as the birth of the nation—its first major military action. The Kokoda Track Campaign is regarded by many as an analogous nation-defining event ring World War II.

The Statute of Westminster 1931 formally ended most of the constitutional links between Australia and the United Kingdom when Australia adopted it in 1942. The shock of the United Kingdom's defeat in Asia in 1942 and the threat of Japanese invasion caused Australia to turn to the United States as a new ally and protector. Since 1951, Australia has been a formal military ally of the US under the auspices of the ANZUS treaty. After World War II, Australia encouraged immigration from Europe; since the 1970s and the abolition of the White Australia policy, immigration from Asia and other non-European parts of the world was also encouraged. As a result, Australia's demography, culture, and self-image have been radically transformed. The final constitutional ties between Australia and the UK were severed in 1986 with the passing of the Australia Act 1986, ending any British role in the government of the Australian States, and ending judicial appeals to the UK Privy Council.[16] In 1999, Australian voters rejected by a majority of less than 5% a move to become a republic with a president appointed by Parliament.[17] Since the election of the Whitlam Government in 1972, there has been an increasing focus on the expansion of ties with other Pacific Rim nations.